您现在的位置: 无忧电子商务网 >> 信息学院 >> 网络技术 >> 网络技术 >> 信息学院正文

cisco路由器IOS升级(一)

作者:mlagan    信息学院来源:本站原创    点击数:    更新时间:2006-4-9 我要参与讨论

  前不久,朋友在对一台带语音模快的CISCO2610进行IOS升级时,由于路由器的内存(flash)为8M,IOS软件为7M多,升级后路由器无法正常启动。启动后到rommon 1 >状态,请求帮助。由于本人长期从事计算机网络管理工作,在对CISCO路由器的长期日常维护和管理实践中积累了一定的经验。现总结归纳出 CISCO路由器IOS映像升级的几种方法,供广大网络爱好者或同仁参考。在介绍CISCO路由器IOS升级方法前,有必要对Cisco路由器的存储器的相关知识作以简单介绍。路由器与计算机相似,它也有内存和操作系统。在Cisco路由器中,其操作系统叫做互连网操作系统(Internetwork Operating System),常简称为IOS.路由器的存储器主要有:

  ROM:只读存储器包含路由器正在使用的IOS的一份副本;

  RAM:IOS将随机访问存储器分成共享和主存。主要用来存储运行中的路由器配置和与路由协议有关的IOS数据结构;

  FLASH (闪存):用来存储IOS软件映像文件,闪存是可以擦除内存,它能够用IOS的新版本覆写,IOS升级主要是闪存中的IOS映像文件进行更换。

  NVRAM:非易失性随机访问存储器,用来存储系统的配置文件。

  IOS升级方法一

  在对能够正常启动的CISCO路由器的IOS进行升级时,比较简单。具体步骤如下:

  1、寻找一种TFTP服务器软件(有CISCO公司的TFTPServer或3COM公司的3Cserver等,在升级较大IOS映象文件时,建议用 3Cserver),安装在一台计算机上,将要升级的IOS映象文件拷贝到相关的目录中(例:D:\),并运行TFTP服务器软件,通过菜单设置Root 目录为拷贝IOS映象文件所在目录(如D:\)。假设该计算机的IP地址为10.32.10.1;

  2、连接路由器的console口与PC机的COM1,使用PC的超级终端软件访问路由器,将路由器的地址设为10.32.10.32(与计算机的IP地址同网段即可)。建议在进行IOS升级前将原有IOS文件备份下来,防止待升级的IOS文件存在问题不可用;

  QUOTE:Router# dir flash: (查看目前IOS映象文件名,也可用Router#Show version)

  Directory of flash:/

  1 -rw- 5998292 C2600-I-MZ.122-11.BIN

  8388608 bytes total (2390252 bytes free)

  Router#copy flash tftp (备份IOS文件)

  Source 200631803606.htm []?c2600-i-mz.122-11.bin

  Address or name of remote host []? 10.32.10.1 (TFTP服务器地址)

  Destination 200631803606.htm [c2600-i-mz.122-11.bin]?

  !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

  …

  !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

  5998292 bytes copied in 324.071 secs (18509 bytes/sec)

  Router# 3、对路由器进行IOS升级;

  QUOTE:Router#copy tftp flash

  Address or name of remote host []? 10.32.10.1 (TFTP服务器地址)

  Source 200631803606.htm []? c2600-i-mz.122-11.bin (需升级的新IOS映象文件名)

  Destination 200631803606.htm [c2600-i-mz.122-11.bin]?

  Do you want to over write? [confirm]

  Accessing tftp://10.32.10.1/c2600-i-mz.122-11.bin……

  Erase flash: before copying? [confirm]

  Erasing the flash filesystem will remove all files! Continue? [confirm]

  Erasing device…… eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee ……erasedee

  Erase of flash: complete

  Loading c2600-i-mz.122-11.bin from 10.32.10.1 (via Ethernet0/0): !!!!!!!!!!!!!!

  !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

  !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

  [OK - 5998292 bytes]

  Verifying checksum…… OK (0xA0C0)

  5998292 bytes copied in 318.282 secs (18846 bytes/sec)

  Router# IOS升级方法二

  由于升级失败后或者路由器的config-register寄存器值为0x2101时,开启路由器时、或者在开启(某些型号)Cisco路由器的电源开关后30秒内按下Ctrl+break键,中断路由器的正常启动,路由器都会进入rom监视模式,即Router(boot)>,在这种情形下,对路由器的IOS进行升级,也比较简单。首先进入特权模式下,即

  QUOTE:Router(boot)>en

  Router(boot)#其他升级步骤同方法一,即:执行copy tftp flash命令,对IOS进行升级。升级完成后,不要忘了修改config-register寄存器值为0x2102(恢复正常值)。

  QUOTE:Router(boot)# t

  Router(boot)( config)# config-register 0x2102

  Router(boot)( config)#exit

  Router(boot)#wr

  Router(boot)#reload重启即可。

  IOS升级方法三

  由于不小心使用了命令erase flash或升级失败后或在开启(某些型号)Cisco路由器的电源开关后30秒内按下Ctrl+break键,中断路由器的正常启动,路由器都会进入 rom监视模式,即 rommon 1>,在这种情形下,对路由器的IOS进行升级,情况要稍微复杂一点。在rommon 1>状态下,可键?请求帮助。(1为命令行序号,每执行1条命令自动加1)

  QUOTE:rommon 1 > ?

  alias set and display aliases command

  boot boot up an external process

  break set/show/clear the breakpoint

  confreg configuration register utility

  cont continue executing a downloaded image

  context display the context of a loaded image

  cookie display contents of cookie PROM in hex

  dev list the device table

  dir list files in file system

  dis display instruction stream

  dnld serial download a program module

  frame print out a selected stack frame

  help monitor builtin command help

  history monitor command history

  meminfo main memory information

  repeat repeat a monitor command

  reset system reset

  set display the monitor variables

  stack produce a stack trace

  sync write monitor environment to NVRAM

  sysret print out info from last system return

  tftpdnld tftp image download

  unalias unset an alias

  unset unset a monitor variable

  xmodem x/ymodem image download

  rommon 2 >在rommon 1>状态下有两种升级IOS方法。

  (一)、通过Xmodem命令(注:Xmodem与实际的modem没有任何联系 只是一个传输协议 数据是通过终端的串口和路由器的Console口灌进去的)升级IOS,具体步骤如下:

  1、用Cisco原配的线缆连接路由器的console口与PC机的COM1,使用PC机的超级终端软件访问路由器,这时不需要对PC和路由器配置任何地址。

  2、在这个模式下,输入Xmodem命令,即:

  QUOTE:rommon 2 > xmodem -c c2600-i-mz.122-11.bin

  (-c是带校验,c2600-i-mz.122-11.bin为存放在PC机上的IOS映像文件)

  WARNING: All existing data in bootflash will be lost!

  Invoke this application only for disaster recovery.

  Do you wish to continue? y/n [n]: y Ready to receive file c2600-i-mz.122-11.bin …… (此时在超级终端的传送栏目=> 选择发送文件选项 => 再选择Xmodem 并指明IOS映像文件所在的路径,按发送即开始上传IOS,等待时间很长,视IOS的大小和传输速度。)

  QUOTE:Erasing flash at 0x607c0000

  program flash location 0x605b0000

  Download Complete!

  传完以后,对整个系统初始化 显示如下:

  QUOTE:program load complete, entry point: 0x80008000, size: 0x5b85e0

  Self decompressing the image :

  [OK]

  Smart Init is disabled. IOMEM set to: 10

  Using iomem percentage: 10

  Restricted Rights Legend

  Use, duplication, or disclosure by the Government is

  subject to restrictions as set forth in subparagraph

  (c) of the Commercial Computer Software - Restricted

  Rights clause at FAR sec. 52.227-19 and subparagraph

  (c) (1) (ii) of the Rights in Technical Data and Computer

  Software clause at DFARS sec. 252.227-7013.

  cisco Systems, Inc.

  170 West Tasman Drive

  San Jose, California 95134-1706

  Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software

  IOS (tm) C2600 Software (C2600-I-M), Version 12.2(11)T9, RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)

  TAC Support: http://www.cisco.com/tac

  Copyright (c) 1986-2003 by cisco Systems, Inc.

  Compiled Mon 23-Jun-03 15:42 by cmong

  Image text-base: 0x8000809C, data-base: 0x80A68B48

  cisco 2610 (MPC860) processor (revision 0x203) with 22528K/2048K bytes of memory

  Processor board ID JAD03483395 (1128032249)

  M860 processor: part number 0, mask 49

  Bridging software.

  X.25 software, Version 3.0.0.

  1 Ethernet/IEEE 802.3 interface(s)

  2 Serial(sync/async) network interface(s)

  32K bytes of non-volatile configuration memory.

  8192K bytes of processor board System flash (Read/Write)

  Press RETURN to get started!

  *Mar 1 00:00:05.652: %PA-2-UNDEFPA: Undefined Port Adaptor type 100 in bay 1

  *Mar 1 00:00:07.996: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Ethernet0/0, changed state to up

  *Mar 1 00:00:07.996: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial0/0, changed state to down

  *Mar 1 00:00:07.996: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial0/1, changed state to down

  *Mar 1 00:00:09.142: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Ethernet0/0, changed state to up

  *Mar 1 00:00:09.142: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0/0, changed state to down

  *Mar 1 00:00:09.142: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0/1, changed state to down

  *Mar 1 00:00:09.458: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from memory by console

  *Mar 1 00:00:11.245: %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial0/1, changed state to administratively down

  *Mar 1 00:00:12.275: %SYS-5-RESTART: System restarted ——Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software

  IOS (tm) C2600 Software (C2600-I-M), Version 12.2(11)T9, RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)

  TAC Support: http://www.cisco.com/tac

  Copyright (c) 1986-2003 by cisco Systems, Inc.

  Compiled Mon 23-Jun-03 15:42 by cmong

  *Mar 1 00:00:12.279: %SNMP-5-COLDSTART: SNMP agent on host NE16 is undergoing a cold start

  Router>采用这种方法时,由于使用console口来传送,速率为9600bps,需要时间较长。因此可修改console口速率利用xmodem命令实现快速升级IOS.具体方法如下:

  QUOTE:rommon 1 > confreg 回车

  Configuration Summary

  enabled are:

  load rom after netboot fails

  console baud: 9600

  boot: image specified by the boot system commands

  or default to: cisco2-C2600

  do you wish to change the configuration? y/n [n]: y (选择 yes)

  enable "diagnostic mode"? y/n [n]: n (选择 no)

  enable "use net in IP bcast address"? y/n [n]: n (选择 no)

  disable "load rom after netboot fails"? y/n [n]: n (选择 no)

  enable "use all zero broadcast"? y/n [n]: n (选择 no)

  enable "break/abort has effect"? y/n [n]: n (选择 no)

  enable "ignore system config info"? y/n [n]: n (选择 no)

  change console baud rate? y/n [n]: y (选择 yes)

  enter rate: 0 = 9600, 1 = 4800, 2 = 1200, 3 = 2400

  4 = 19200, 5 = 38400, 6 = 57600, 7 = 115200 [0]: 7 (选择 7,用最大的11520速率的xmodem传输)

  • 上一篇信息学院:

  • 下一篇信息学院:
  • 【字体: 】【发表评论】【加入收藏】【告诉好友】【打印此文】【关闭窗口
    相关文章
    没有相关信息学院
    我来说两句 对此文章发表了评论
      昵 称: *必填    ·注册用户·
      评 分: 1分 2分 3分 4分 5分     严禁发表危害国家安全、政治、黄色淫秽等内容的评论,用户需对自己在使用本网站服务过程中的行为承担法律责任。本站管理员有权保留或删除评论内容,评论内容只代表机友个人观点,与本网站立场无关。  
    评 论
    内 容

     
    评论列表 (最新 评论仅限网友观点!)

    供求信息




    | 设为首页 | 加入收藏 | 关于我们 | 广告服务 | 联系方式 | 友情链接 | 版权申明